PHYSIOGRAPHY - Tawang is a thinly populated mountainous tract lying roughly between the latitude 27 º 45 ’ N and the longitude 90º 15’ E on the Northwest extremity of Arunachal Pradesh. The district is surrounded by the Tibet in the North East, Bhutan in south West and West Kameng district in the south East.

CLIMATE - Owing to the rapid changes in the nature of the terrain there are variations in the climatic conditions within short distances. How ever, on the basis of agro-climate parameters such as, Physiography, soil, Climate, Natural Vegetation and prevalent cropping pattern, a major portion of Tawang district falls under Agro-climate sub-region Viz, Higher Himalayan region (Alpine), which experiences snowfall. Remaining of the portion of the district represents sloping mountainous of lesser Himalayan range which experience a cool and pleasant climate.

TOPOGRAPHY - The topography of the district represents:
1. The snow covered Himalayan ranges from 11,000ft.to 22,000 ft. which mostly include bare mountains and are mostly uninhabited.
2. The high altitude mountainous belt from 6000 ft. to 11000 ft., which contains plateau and narrow valleys and are sparsely, populated.

RIVERS - ‘Tawangchu’ and ‘Nyamyanjchu’ are the two main rivers in the district. Majority of the villages are concentrated in the basin of these two river valleys.

SOILS - The soils of this district is classified as under:- 1. Rocky and loamy skeletal texture with soil depth shallow to medium. 2. Sandy skeletal, Loamy, Fine loamy textured with soil depth medium to deep.